Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (nascut la 14 mai 1984) este un programator de calculator american si antreprenor de internet. [6] Este cel mai cunoscut pentru co-crearea site-ului de retele de socializare Facebook, din care este director executiv si presedinte. A fost co-fondata ca o companie privata in 2004 de Zuckerberg si colegii de clasa Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo Saverin si Chris Hughes pe cand erau studenti la Universitatea Harvard. [7] [8] In 2010, Zuckerberg a fost numita Persoana Anului revistei Time. [9] Incepand cu 2011, averea personala era estimata la 17,5 miliarde de dolari. [5]
Viata personala
Zuckerberg s-a nascut in 1984 in White Plains, New York [10] la Karen, psihiatru si Edward Zuckerberg, stomatolog. El si cele trei surori ale sale, Randi, Donna si Arielle, [2] au fost crescuti in Dobbs Ferry, New York. [2] Zuckerberg era crescut evreu si avea barul lui Mitzvah cand a implinit 13 ani; de atunci s-a descris ca un ateu. escorte podu ros iasi godslightimages.com
La liceul Ardsley, Zuckerberg a excelat in clasici, inainte de a se transfera la Phillips Exeter Academy in anul sau de juniori, unde a castigat premii in stiinte (matematica, astronomie si fizica) si studii clasice (in aplicatia sa de colegiu, Zuckerberg a fost catalogat drept non-englez limbi pe care le-a putut citi si scrie: franceza, ebraica, latina si greaca veche) si a fost o stea de garduri si capitanul echipei de scrima. [14] [15] [16] [17] In facultate, a fost cunoscut pentru recitarea liniilor din poezii epice, cum ar fi Iliada. [14]
La o petrecere sustinuta de fraternitatea sa in timpul anilor sai, Zuckerberg a cunoscut-o pe Priscilla Chan, o colega chineza-americana originara din suburbiile Bostonului [18] si au inceput sa se intalneasca in 2003. In septembrie 2010, Zuckerberg a invitat-o pe Chan, pana atunci. un student la medicina la Universitatea din California, San Francisco, [19] pentru a se muta in casa sa inchiriata Palo Alto. [2] [20] Zuckerberg a studiat chineza mandarina pentru pregatirea vizitei cuplului in China in decembrie 2010.
Pe pagina de Facebook a lui Zuckerberg, el a enumerat interesele sale personale ca „deschidere, facand lucruri care ii ajuta pe oameni sa se conecteze si sa impartaseasca ceea ce este important pentru ei, revolutii, flux de informatii, minimalism” [23]. Zuckerberg vede cel mai bine albastru din cauza culorii rosu-verde; albastru este, de asemenea, culoarea dominanta a Facebook. escorte cupluri galati usachinacars.com [24]
In mai 2011, a fost raportat ca Zuckerberg a cumparat o casa cu cinci dormitoare in Palo Alto pentru 7 milioane de dolari.
Dezvoltator de software
Primii ani
Zuckerberg a inceput sa foloseasca calculatoare si programe de scriere ca un copil in scoala medie. Tatal sau l-a invatat pe Atari BASIC Programming in anii 90, iar ulterior l-a angajat pe dezvoltatorul de software David Newman pentru a-l indruma in privat. Newman il numeste „prodigiu”, adaugand ca a fost „greu sa ramana in fata lui”. Zuckerberg a urmat, de asemenea, un curs de absolvire in cadrul Colegiului Mercy de langa casa sa, in timp ce era inca in liceu. Ii placea sa dezvolte programe de calculator, in special instrumente si jocuri de comunicare. Intr-un astfel de program, din moment ce practica stomatologica a tatalui sau a fost operata de la casa lor, a construit un program software pe care l-a numit „ZuckNet”, care a permis tuturor computerelor dintre casa si cabinetul stomatologic sa comunice facandu-si ping-uri reciproc. Este considerata o versiune „primitiva” a AOL’s Instant Messenger,
Potrivit scriitorului Jose Antonio Vargas, „unii copii au jucat jocuri pe calculator. escorte aisi eng.tbspeaker.com Mark i-a creat”. Insusi Zuckerberg isi aminteste de aceasta perioada: “Aveam o gramada de prieteni care erau artisti. Veneau, desenau lucruri si as construi un joc din asta.” Cu toate acestea, remarca Vargas, Zuckerberg nu era un „geek-klutz tipic”, pentru ca ulterior a devenit capitan al echipei sale de scrima pregatitoare si a obtinut o diploma de clasic. Coan fondatorul Napster, Sean Parker, un prieten apropiat, observa ca Zuckerberg a fost „cu adevarat in odysseys grecesti si toate aceste lucruri”, amintind cum a citat candva linii din poezia epica latina Aeneid, de Virgil, in timpul unei conferinte de produse pe Facebook. [2 ]
In anii de liceu ai lui Zuckerberg, sub numele companiei Intelligent Media Group, a construit un player muzical numit Synapse Media Player, care folosea inteligenta artificiala pentru a invata obiceiurile de ascultare ale utilizatorului, care a fost postat in Slashdot [27] si a primit un rating de 3 din din 5 din revista PC. [28] Microsoft si AOL au incercat sa achizitioneze Synapse si sa recruteze Zuckerberg, dar a ales in schimb sa se inscrie la Universitatea Harvard in septembrie 2002.
Anii Harvard
In momentul in care a inceput cursurile la Harvard, el si-a atins deja o „reputatie de prodigiu de programare”, remarca Vargas. escorte pula nesv.net A studiat psihologia si informatica, precum si apartenenta la Alpha Epsilon Pi, o fraternitate evreiasca. [2] [9] [29] [30] In ultimul sau an, el a scris un program pe care l-a numit CourseMatch, care le-a permis utilizatorilor sa ia decizii de selectie a clasei pe baza alegerilor celorlalti studenti si, de asemenea, sa-i ajute sa formeze grupuri de studiu. La scurt timp, el a creat un program diferit, pe care initial l-a numit Facemash, care ii permite studentilor sa selecteze cea mai buna persoana cu o alegere dintre fotografii. Potrivit colegiului de camera al lui Zuckerberg la acea vreme, Arie Hasit, „a construit site-ul pentru distractie”. Hasit explica:
Aveam carti numite Face Books, care includeau numele si imaginile tuturor celor care locuiau in caminele studentesti. La inceput, a construit un site si a plasat doua poze sau imagini cu doi barbati si doua femei. Vizitatorii site-ului au fost nevoiti sa aleaga cine este „mai fierbinte” si in functie de voturi va exista un clasament. [31]
Site-ul a urcat peste un weekend, dar pana luni dimineata, colegiul a inchis-o, deoarece popularitatea sa coplesise serverul Harvard si impiedica studentii sa acceseze internetul. escorte sexy bacau www.cainevirtual.ro In plus, multi studenti s-au plans ca fotografiile lor au fost folosite fara permis. Zuckerberg si-a cerut scuze in public, iar studiul a publicat articole care afirma ca site-ul sau era „complet impropriu” [31].
Totusi, in jurul timpului Facemash, studentii au solicitat ca universitatea sa dezvolte un site web intern care sa includa fotografii similare si date de contact. Potrivit lui Hasit, „Mark a auzit aceste motive si a decis ca, daca universitatea nu va face ceva in acest sens, va face si va construi un site care ar fi chiar mai bun decat ceea ce planificase universitatea” [31].
Taliati un portret inalt al barbatului la treizeci de ani, privind in camera si gesticuland cu ambele maini, purtand o camasa pulovere neagra care spune „The North Face” si poarta identificarea pe o banda alba atarnata de gatul lui
Zuckerberg la Forumul Economic Mondial, Davos, Elvetia (ianuarie 2009)
Presedintele Barack Obama si Zuckerberg discuta inainte de o intalnire privata in care Obama a luat masa cu liderii de afaceri in domeniul tehnologiei din Woodside, California, 17 februarie 2011. (De asemenea, in imagine, de la stanga: Carol Bartz din Yahoo !, Art Levinson din Genentech, Steve Westly din The Westly Group si Eric Schmidt de la Google.)
Fundatie si obiective
Zuckerberg a lansat Facebook din camera sa de la Harvard la 4 februarie 2004. [32] [33] O inspiratie anterioara pentru Facebook ar fi venit din partea Academiei Phillips Exeter, scoala pregatitoare de la care a absolvit Zuckerberg in 2002. escorte pitesti bascov file.net.au Si-a publicat propriul director al studentilor, „Cartea de adrese foto”, pe care studentii au numit-o „Facebook”. Astfel de directoare foto au reprezentat o parte importanta a experientei sociale a studentilor in multe scoli private. Cu ei, studentii au putut sa enumere atribute precum anii de clasa, proximitatile lor cu prietenii si numerele lor de telefon. [32]
Odata ajuns la facultate, Facebook-ul lui Zuckerberg a pornit ca un „lucru Harvard” pana cand Zuckerberg a decis sa-l raspandeasca in alte scoli, solicitand ajutorul colegului de camera Dustin Moskovitz. Au inceput-o mai intai la Stanford, Dartmouth, Columbia, New York University, Cornell, Penn, Brown si Yale, iar apoi la alte scoli care au avut contacte sociale cu Harvard.
Zuckerberg s-a mutat la Palo Alto, California, cu Moskovitz si cativa prieteni. Au inchiriat o casa mica care servea ca birou. In timpul verii, Zuckerberg l-a cunoscut pe Peter Thiel care a investit in companie. escorte 50 de ani illongconstruction.com Au primit primul birou la mijlocul anului 2004. Potrivit lui Zuckerberg, grupul planuia sa se intoarca la Harvard, dar in cele din urma a decis sa ramana in California. [38] [39] Au refuzat deja ofertele marilor corporatii pentru a cumpara Facebook. Intr-un interviu din 2007, Zuckerberg si-a explicat rationamentul:
Nu este din cauza sumei de bani. Pentru mine si colegii mei, cel mai important lucru este ca cream un flux de informatii deschis pentru oameni. A avea corporatii media detinute de conglomerate nu este o idee atractiva pentru mine. [33]
El a declarat aceleasi obiective in revista Wired in 2010: „Lucrul de care ma intereseaza este misiunea, de a face lumea deschisa.” [40] Anterior, in aprilie 2009, Zuckerberg a solicitat sfatul fostului CFO Netscape, Peter Currie, despre strategiile de finantare pentru Facebook. escorte uatap newtimesonline.com
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[41]
La 21 iulie 2010, Zuckerberg a raportat ca compania a atins marca de 500 de milioane de utilizatori. [42] Intrebat daca Facebook poate obtine mai multe venituri din publicitate ca urmare a cresterii sale fenomenale, el a explicat:
Banuiesc ca am putea … Daca te uiti la cat de mult din pagina noastra este preluata cu anunturi in comparatie cu interogarea medie de cautare. Media pentru noi este putin mai mica de 10 la suta din pagini, iar media pentru cautare este de aproximativ 20 la suta preluata cu reclame … escorte piercing bucuresti www.technologyanddowntowns.net Acesta este cel mai simplu lucru pe care l-am putea face. Dar nu suntem asa. Facem bani destui. Corect, vreau sa spun, continuam lucrurile sa functioneze; suntem in crestere la ritmul dorit. [40]
In 2010, Steven Levy, care a scris cartea Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution, din 1984, a scris ca Zuckerberg „se gandeste clar la el insusi ca la un hacker.” [43] Zuckerberg a spus ca „este bine sa spargem lucrurile” pentru a le face mai bune “[43] [44] Facebook a instituit” hackathons “organizate la fiecare sase pana la opt saptamani in care participantii ar avea o noapte pentru conceperea si finalizarea unui proiect. [43] Compania a furnizat muzica, mancare si bere la hackathons, iar multi membri ai personalului Facebook, inclusiv Zuckerberg, participau in mod regulat. [44] “Ideea este ca poti construi ceva cu adevarat bun intr-o noapte”, a declarat Zuckerberg pentru Levy. escorte clun www.morozo.org “Si asta face parte din personalitatea Facebook acum … Cu siguranta este foarte esential pentru personalitatea mea.”
Revista Vanity Fair a numit Zuckerberg numarul 1 pe lista sa din 2010 a Top 100 „cei mai influenti oameni ai erei informationale”. [45] Zuckerberg s-a clasat pe locul 23 pe lista Vanity Fair 100 in 2009. [46] In 2010, Zuckerberg a fost ales numarul 16 in sondajul anual al New Statesman asupra celor mai influente 50 de persoane din lume. [47]
Intr-un interviu din 2011 cu PBS dupa moartea lui Steve Jobs, Zuckerberg a spus ca Jobs l-a sfatuit sa creeze o echipa de management la Facebook care sa fie „concentrata pe construirea unor lucruri la fel de inalte si bune ca tine”. escorte studente buc cahabagba.org [48]
Wirehog
La o luna dupa lansarea Facebook in februarie 2004, i2hub, un alt serviciu exclusiv in campus, creat de Wayne Chang, a fost lansat. i2hub s-a concentrat pe partajarea de fisiere peer-to-peer. La acea vreme, atat i2hub, cat si Facebook au castigat atentia presei si au crescut rapid in utilizatori si publicitate. In august 2004, Zuckerberg, Andrew McCollum, Adam D’Angelo si Sean Parker au lansat un serviciu concurent de partajare a fisierelor peer-to-peer numit Wirehog, un precursor al aplicatiilor platformei Facebook.
Platforma si baliza
Pe 24 mai 2007, Zuckerberg a anuntat Facebook Platform, o platforma de dezvoltare pentru programatori pentru a crea aplicatii sociale in cadrul Facebook. In cateva saptamani, multe aplicatii au fost construite, iar unele aveau deja milioane de utilizatori. S-a dezvoltat la peste 800.000 de dezvoltatori din intreaga lume care construiesc aplicatii pentru platforma Facebook. escorte calea turzii oxfordworldhistory.com
Pe 6 noiembrie 2007, Zuckerberg a anuntat un nou sistem de publicitate sociala numit Beacon, care le-a permis oamenilor sa partajeze informatii cu prietenii lor Facebook pe baza activitatilor lor de navigare pe alte site-uri. De exemplu, vanzatorii eBay ar putea anunta prietenii in mod automat ce au de vanzare prin intermediul fluxului de stiri Facebook, in timp ce enumera articole de vanzare. Programul a fost examinat din cauza preocuparilor de confidentialitate din partea grupurilor si a utilizatorilor individuali. Zuckerberg si Facebook nu au reusit sa raspunda rapid la ingrijorari, iar la 5 decembrie 2007, Zuckerberg a scris o postare pe blog pe Facebook [51], asumandu-si responsabilitatea pentru preocuparile legate de Beacon si oferind un mod mai usor pentru utilizatori sa opteze din serviciu.
In 2007, Zuckerberg a fost numit MIT Technology Review TR35 drept unul dintre primii 35 de inovatori din lume sub 35 de ani.
La 23 iulie 2008, Zuckerberg a anuntat Facebook Connect, o versiune a platformei Facebook pentru utilizatori.
Controversele juridice
Zuckerberg (dreapta) cu Robert Scoble in
procesele ConnectU din 2008
Harvard students Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra accused Zuckerberg of intentionally making them believe he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com (later called ConnectU). escorte izvor utmagazine.ru [53] They filed a lawsuit in 2004 but it was dismissed on a technicality on March 28, 2007. It was refiled soon thereafter in federal court in Boston. Facebook counter sued in regards to Social Butterfly, a project put out by The Winklevoss Chang Group, an alleged partnership between ConnectU and i2hub. On June 25, 2008, the case settled and Facebook agreed to transfer over 1.2 million common shares and pay $20 million in cash.[54]
In November 2007, confidential court documents were posted on the website of 02138, a magazine that catered to Harvard alumni. They included Zuckerberg’s social security number, his parents’ home address, and his girlfriend’s address. Facebook filed to have the documents removed, but the judge ruled in favor of 02138. anunturi escorte vaslui k-9companionsbootcamp.biz [55]
Saverin lawsuit
A lawsuit filed by Eduardo Saverin against Facebook and Zuckerberg was settled out of court. Though terms of the settlement were sealed, the company affirmed Saverin’s title as co-founder of Facebook. Saverin signed a non-disclosure contract after the settlement.
Pakistan criminal investigation
In June 2010, Pakistani Deputy Attorney General Muhammad Azhar Sidiqque launched a criminal investigation into Zuckerberg and Facebook co-founders Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes after a “Draw Muhammad” contest was hosted on Facebook. The investigation also named the anonymous German woman who created the contest. Sidiqque asked the country’s police to contact Interpol to have Zuckerberg and the three others arrested for blasphemy. On May 19, 2010, Facebook’s website was temporarily blocked in Pakistan until Facebook removed the contest from its website at the end of May. Sidiqque also asked its UN representative to raise the issue with the United Nations General Assembly. detoatepentrutoti escorte tax-solutionsgroup.com [58][59]
Paul Ceglia
On June 30, 2010, Paul Ceglia, the owner of a wood pellet fuel company in Allegany County, upstate New York, filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, claiming 84% ownership of Facebook and seeking monetary damages. According to Ceglia, he and Zuckerberg signed a contract on April 28, 2003 that an initial fee of $1,000 entitled Ceglia to 50% of the website’s revenue, as well as an additional 1% interest in the business per day after January 1, 2004, until website completion. Zuckerberg was developing other projects at the time, among which was Facemash, the predecessor of Facebook, but did not register the domain name thefacebook.com until January 1, 2004. Facebook management dismissed the lawsuit as “completely frivolous”. Facebook spokesman Barry Schnitt told a reporter that Ceglia’s counsel had unsuccessfully sought an out-of-court settlement.[60]
The contract itself says that Ceglia agreed to pay Zuckerberg $1,000 for StreetFax and $1,000 for another project called PageBook.
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The contract also mentions an expanded project called The Face Book to be completed by January 2004, saying “an additional 1% interest in the business will be due the buyer for each day the website is delayed from that date”. doamne escorte bucuresti iha.kill-bedbugsnow.com Ceglia has proffered a $1,000 receipt from his checkbook, dated six months after the contract as evidence that he paid Zuckerberg for his work. But it wasn’t the full $2,000 amount, and the agreement doesn’t describe what happens if there is a default.[61]
In an interview with ABC World News, Zuckerberg stated he was confident he had never signed such an agreement. At the time, Zuckerberg worked for Ceglia as a code developer on a project named “StreetFax”. Judge Thomas Brown issued a restraining order on all financial transfers concerning ownership of Facebook until further notice; in response, Facebook removed the case to federal court and asked that the state court injunction be dissolved. According to Facebook, the injunction would not affect their business and lacked any legal basis.
Depictions in media
The Social Network
A movie based on Zuckerberg and the founding years of Facebook, called The Social Network was released on October 1, 2010, and stars Jesse Eisenberg as Zuckerberg. After Zuckerberg was told about the film, he responded, “I just wished that nobody made a movie of me while I was still alive. escorte 28 ani 100diamonds.com “[68] Also, after the film’s script was leaked on the Internet and it was apparent that the film would not portray Zuckerberg in a wholly positive light, he stated that he wanted to establish himself as a “good guy”.[69] The film is based on the book The Accidental Billionaires by Ben Mezrich, which the book’s publicist once described as “big juicy fun” rather than “reportage.”[70] The film’s screenwriter Aaron Sorkin told New York magazine, “I don’t want my fidelity to be to the truth; I want it to be to storytelling”, adding, “What is the big deal about accuracy purely for accuracy’s sake, and can we not have the true be the enemy of the good?”[71]
Upon winning the Golden Globes award for Best Picture on January 16, 2011, producer Scott Rudin thanked Facebook and Zuckerberg “for his willingness to allow us to use his life and work as a metaphor through which to tell a story about communication and the way we relate to each other.”[72] Sorkin, who won for Best Screenplay, retracted some of the impressions given in his script:[73]
“I wanted to say to Mark Zuckerberg tonight, if you’re watching, Rooney Mara’s character makes a prediction at the beginning of the movie. She was wrong. You turned out to be a great entrepreneur, a visionary, and an incredible altruist.”
On January 29, 2011, Zuckerberg made a surprise guest appearance on Saturday Night Live, which was being hosted by Jesse Eisenberg. They both said it was the first time they ever met. escorte pitesri webraffle.net [74] Eisenberg asked Zuckerberg, who had been critical of his portrayal by the film, what he thought of the movie. Zuckerberg replied, “It was interesting.”[75] In a subsequent interview about their meeting, Eisenberg explains that he was “nervous to meet him, because I had spent now, a year and a half thinking about him. . .” He adds, “Mark has been so gracious about something that’s really so uncomfortable… escorte de lux bistrita www.529fifthavenue.net .The fact that he would do SNL and make fun of the situation is so sweet and so generous. It’s the best possible way to handle something that, I think, could otherwise be very uncomfortable.”[76][77]
Disputed accuracy
Jeff Jarvis, author of the book Public Parts, interviewed Zuckerberg and believes Sorkin has made too much of the story up. He states, “That’s what the internet is accused of doing, making stuff up, not caring about the facts.”[78]
According to David Kirkpatrick, former technology editor at Fortune magazine and author of The Facebook Effect:The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World, (2011), “the film is only “40% true. . . povestirile unei escorte www.wecreatemusic.biz he is not snide and sarcastic in a cruel way, the way Zuckerberg is played in the movie.” He says that “a lot of the factual incidents are accurate, but many are distorted and the overall impression is false,” and concludes that primarily “his motivations were to try and come up with a new way to share information on the internet.”
Although the film portrays Zuckerberg’s creation of Facebook in order to elevate his stature after not getting into any of the elite final clubs at Harvard, Zuckerberg himself said he had no interest in joining the final clubs.[2] Kirkpatrick agrees that the impression implied by the film is “false.”
Karel Baloun, a former senior engineer at Facebook, notes that the “image of Zuckerberg as a socially inept nerd is overstated . . .It is fiction. limbi la escorte www.gamener.com . .” He likewise dismisses the film’s assertion that he “would deliberately betray a friend.”
Other depictions
Zuckerberg voiced himself on an episode of The Simpsons, “Loan-a Lisa”, which first aired on October 3, 2010. In the episode, Lisa Simpson and her friend Nelson encounter Zuckerberg at an entrepreneurs’ convention. Zuckerberg tells Lisa that she does not need to graduate from college to be wildly successful, referencing Bill Gates and Richard Branson as examples.
On October 9, 2010, Saturday Night Live lampooned Zuckerberg and Facebook.[81] Andy Samberg played Zuckerberg. The real Zuckerberg was reported to have been amused: “I thought this was funny.”
Stephen Colbert awarded a “Medal of Fear” to Zuckerberg at the Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on October 30, 2010, “because he values his privacy much more than he values yours.”
Philanthropy
Zuckerberg donated an undisclosed amount to Diaspora, an open-source personal web server that implements a distributed social networking service. He called it a “cool idea.”
Zuckerberg founded the Start-up: Education foundation.[84][85] On September 22, 2010, it was reported that Zuckerberg had arranged to donate $100 million to Newark Public Schools, the public school system of Newark, New Jersey.[86][87] Critics noted the timing of the donation as being close to the release of The Social Network, which painted a somewhat negative portrait of Zuckerberg.[88][89] Zuckerberg responded to the criticism, saying, “The thing that I was most sensitive about with the movie timing was, I didn’t want the press about The Social Network movie to get conflated with the Newark project. I was thinking about doing this anonymously just so that the two things could be kept separate.”[88] Newark Mayor Cory A. Booker stated that he and New Jersey Governor Chris Christie had to convince Zuckerberg’s team not to make the donation anonymously.
On December 9, 2010, Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, and investor Warren Buffett signed a promise they called the “Giving Pledge”, in which they promised to donate to charity at least half of their wealth over the course of time, and invited others among the wealthy to donate 50% or more of their wealth to charity.
Source From : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg
