Urmand pasii pelerinilor | Curier NTA

Ca majoritatea americanilor, am auzit povestea pelerinilor si calatoria lor de Mayflower inca din zilele mele de gradinita. Dar, in timp ce am aterizat in Anglia pentru turneul Mayflower 400, mi-am dat seama ca de fapt nu stiam multe detalii despre pelerini.

Din fericire, aceasta calatorie – sponsorizata de Emma Tatlow de la US Connections si organizata de Keith Somers de la Select Travel Services – a fost pe punctul de a-mi spori cunostintele Pilgrim in mod exponential, lasandu-ma in cur de curajul si determinarea acestui grup mic de oameni atat de dedicati lor credinte religioase ca, de doua ori diferite, erau dispusi sa lase tot ce stiau in urma pentru o viata intr-o tara necunoscuta. S-au mutat mai intai in Olanda in 1607, iar apoi, desigur, in Lumea Noua in 1620.

Desi majoritatea celor 13 orase pe care le-am vizitat pe acest PDT erau in mod direct legate de povestea Pilgrim, altele au avut o legatura cu America in alte moduri.

Babworth

Biserica tuturor sfintilor (Foto de Amanda Hinzman)

Aici am vizitat biserica de tara neasumata, unde Richard Clyfton, numit rector al bisericii in 1586, si-a impartasit ideile radicale de la amvon si a atras inchinatori din satele vecine, care au mers kilometri intregi pentru a-l auzi. Stand pe chiar calea pe care satenii s-au plimbat odata, am putut sa ne imaginam hotararea lor de a auzi controversatele predici ale lui Clyfton.

Deoarece Clyfton s-a abatut de la invataturile Bisericii Angliei, el a fost inlaturat ca pastor in 1605. El si alti membri ai bisericii cu idei similare au ales sa se „separe” de biserica, devenind astfel separatistii si starnind miscarea Pelerinului.

Scrooby

Separatistii au inceput sa se adune si sa se inchine in 1606 la Scrooby Manor, unde parintele pelerin William Brewster locuia si crescuse. Tot ceea ce ramane astazi din aceasta proprietate stralucitoare de 500 de acri este casa de caramida construita in 1493, dar Scrooby Manor este semnificativa pentru istoria Pelerinului, deoarece aici au planificat fuga lor in Olanda in cautarea libertatii religioase.

Boston

Turul participantei intr-o celula la Boston Guildhall (Foto de Kay Saffari)

In 1607, separatistii au mers 60 de mile pana in portul Boston, unde au aranjat sa navigheze in Olanda. In schimb, au fost tradate, arestate si tinute la Guildhall timp de o luna. Am vizitat camerele bine conservate din Boston Guildhall, construite in anii 1390, inclusiv celulele minuscule unde erau tinuti pelerinii si sala de judecata unde au fost judecati. Bucataria extinsa din subsol a servit ca un restaurant improvizat administrat de guvern in timpul celui de-al Doilea Razboi Mondial, oferind mese rezidentiale la preturi rezonabile rezidentilor Boston pentru a suplimenta ratiile de masa din timpul razboiului.

Southampton

Casa Tudor (Foto de Kay Saffari)

Dupa 12 ani in Olanda si pregatiti pentru un nou inceput in Lumea Noua, pelerinii au petrecut doua saptamani in Southampton adunand provizioane inainte de plecarea lor.

Am vizitat doua cladiri istorice aici: Casa Tudor, o casa restaurata in varsta de 900 de ani si cea mai importanta cladire istorica a orasului, si in apropiere de Biserica Sf. Mihail, construita in 1070 si inca in uz.

In ciuda proeminentei acestor doua site-uri foarte vechi, Southampton a avut un sentiment mai modern in general. Asta pentru ca 80 la suta din cladirile orasului portului au fost distruse de atacurile de bombardament germane in timpul celui de-al doilea razboi mondial. Din fericire, victime civile au fost reduse la minimum datorita numeroaselor crame din oras care au servit ca adaposturi de bombe improvizate (si care pot fi vizitate astazi).

Interesant este faptul ca germanii au folosit clopotul bisericii (inconjurat de un cocos, ciudat) ca ghid pentru atacurile lor de bombardament, explicand de ce biserica si casa Tudor din apropiere au fost crutate.

Plymouth

Mayflower a ridicat ancora de la Plymouth in 1620 cu 102 Pelerinii la bord, si Treptele Mayflower, un drept de arcada cu coloane de apa, memorializes acest punct de plecare. Cu totii ne-am dorit o fotografie de unde a inceput aceasta faimoasa calatorie.

In timpul turneului nostru din Plymouth, am vizitat multe locuri din zilele Pelerinului: Biserica Sf. Andrei, o biserica puritana care i-a salutat pe separatisti pentru inchinare; New Street, cea mai veche strada din Plymouth; si zona istorica Barbican. Orasul ofera, de asemenea, optiuni turistice moderne, precum tururi cu barca, muzee si un acvariu.

Alte orase de interes

Dincolo de destinatiile direct legate de povestea Pilgrim, am vizitat orase suplimentare, cu alte legaturi americane si legaturi religioase importante cu credintele protestante.

Gloucester

Prima noastra oprire in acest oras a fost Catedrala Gloucester, o cladire uimitoare care dateaza din 1089. Am fost intampinati in fata catedralei de catre creierul din oras in costum de epoca, Alan Myatt. Dupa proclamarea sa oficiala de bun venit, am intrat in enorma structura gotica, numai pentru a fi surprinsi de o redare coplesitor de frumoasa a „Bannerului cu stele stelare” care a fost hulit pe orga bisericii. Organistul a „literalmente scos toate opririle” in timp ce canta acel orga de 600 de ani, facandu-l cea mai unica si agitata versiune a imnului nostru national pe care l-am auzit vreodata.

Am aflat ca autorul melodiei „Banner-ului cu stele”, John Stafford Smith, era din Gloucester si era fiul organistului catedralei. Fara indoiala ca aceasta faimoasa melodie a fost cantata pe acelasi organ cu mult inainte de a deveni imnul national al SUA.

La scurt timp dupa aceea, am fost adunati in varfuri cand a inceput slujba bisericii. Pastorul sau vicarul a salutat in mod special vizitatorii americani la slujba. Mesajul ei a fost scurt, dar puternic. „Va invit sa deveniti pelerini”, a indemnat ea, „ca cei din trecut”. Ea a condus apoi congregatia in Rugaciunea Domnului. Intreaga experienta a fost una de pretuit.

Catedrala avea vitralii superbe si elemente arhitecturale din mai multe perioade diferite. Cel mai interesant este faptul ca Catedrala Gloucester ofera cel mai vechi exemplu de arhitectura perpendiculara in Anglia, designurile dreptunghiulare ajungand pana la tavan.

Worcester

Orasul Worcester (pronuntat „Wooster”) este locul de nastere al unuia dintre parintii pelerini, Edward Winslow. Botezat in apropierea orasului Droitwich de la biserica Sf. Petru (unde am vizitat si noi), Winslow a urmat scoala la Catedrala din Worcester din 1606–11 si si-a petrecut anii de scoala in acest loc minunat.

Am vizitat sala de scoala de la catedrala unde Winslow a studiat si am considerat ca este remarcabil sa luam in considerare ce i se parea inainte dupa zilele sale aici. Deteriorarea unora dintre lucrarile de piatra din clasa si din alte zone ale catedralei s-a produs in anii Reformei, cand manastirile au fost distruse prin ordinul regelui.

Catedrala ofera o serie de arhitecturi uimitoare si vitralii, si cuprinde multe stiluri arhitecturale din cauza faptului ca a fost construita si restaurata de-a lungul multor secole incepand cu 680. Cu toate acestea, am fost cel mai impresionat de vizita noastra la biblioteca catedralei, unde am vazut o serie de documente si carti fascinante si rare. Construita in 1377, biblioteca adaposteste moaste religioase, cum ar fi Biblia puritana, o Biblie anglo-saxona din secolul al X-lea si o carte de rugaciuni pentru familie din secolul al XV-lea. Calugarii au primit sarcina de a transcrie aceste texte si de a le decora.

We viewed non-religious texts that included a lawyer’s handbook from the 14th century (including the owner’s doodles in the margins), a book from 600 A.D. written in Latin before the Moors arrived in Spain, and one of only three law school textbooks from the 1100s still in existence. Most fascinating of all were the papyrus fragments from the first, second and third centuries featuring texts written in Greek. We were able to view these remarkable treasures up close, with the librarian turning the pages for us. Groups can make advanced requests to view certain texts and can see them in an accessible room (the library is on the second floor with no elevator) if planned ahead.


Lincoln

Our Lincoln-born tour guide declared this city to be the most charming in England, and I believe he is correct.

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In addition to seeing the picturesque British village that is in itself a treat to experience, groups can visit the 12th-century Gothic Lincoln Cathedral and the nearby Lincoln Castle, which was built by William the Conqueror in 1068.

In a windowless vault in the castle, we viewed an original copy of the Magna Carta from 1215, one of only four that exists today. The way the document is displayed—spotlighted in a glass display case in the center of its own darkened room—somehow underscores the significance of this document and its far-reaching influences, even inspiring the U.S. Bill of Rights.

We then climbed the stairs to reach the castle walls, where we had a spectacular view of the cathedral and the rest of the city. Visitors can walk the full perimeter of these walls, although we chose to stay put and take photos instead.

Additional details on England destinations related to the Pilgrim’s journey

1. Southampton

Tudor House: Visit Southampton’s restored 900-year-old home and gardens in Old Town to gain insight into life in the 15th century. The home includes interactive and family-friendly activities to educate and entertain all ages.

Grand Cafe: Located close to the Southampton docks, the Grand Cafe offers a modern menu of locally sourced foods served in the former South Western Hotel. Because it was the finest hotel in the city in the early 1900s, the first-class passengers of the Titanic stayed here before leaving on the ship’s maiden voyage.

2. Plymouth

Mayflower Museum: Located across the street from the famous Mayflower Steps, this museum provides all the information you need about the Mayflower, including a full list of everyone who boarded the ship and a built-to-scale model of the ship.

Plymouth Boat Trips: Take a one-hour harbor cruise narrated by the boat captain, and enjoy great views of Plymouth’s coastline, Drake’s Island, and the Devon and Cornish coasts. Private tours can also be arranged for groups, including themed evening dance cruises or other options.

National Marine Aquarium: The largest aquarium in the U.K. is located in the Barbican area of Plymouth and focuses on education, conservation and research. Special options for groups include sleepovers in the aquarium, tours that include lunch or creamed tea, special talks as requested and boat trips with a nature focus.

Plymouth Gin Distillery: The oldest working gin distillery in England offers daily tours that explain the gin-making process followed by gin tasting.

Le Vignoble: Learn about the burgeoning British wine industry at this wine shop and lounge. The charming French owner will host a wine-tasting for groups and introduce you to England’s best wine offerings.

3. Gloucester

Gloucester Methodist Church: On a site that has held a Christian church for the past 1,000 years, this church was home to several Gloucester natives who influenced religious history or had connections to the United States, such as Robert Reikes, the founder of the Sunday School movement; George Whitfield, one of the founders of Methodism; and U.S. Founding Father Button Gwinnett.

4. Worcester

The Commandery: This historical structure, built in 1480, served as the Royalist headquarters during the Battle of Worcester, the final one of the English Civil War.

Gadfield Elm Chapel: The oldest Mormon chapel in the world is located near the village of Pendock in Worcestershire.

5. Nottinghamshire

Sherwood Forest: This woodland was originally established as the royal hunting grounds in the 10th century and became famous in 14th-century ballads written about the legendary Robin Hood. Today the property includes hiking trails and a brand new visitors’ center with a gift shop, a restaurant and an education center. Tour groups can arrange to have educational hikes led by Robin Hood himself!

6. Hertfordshire

Knebworth House in Hertfordshire: Robert Lytton began construction of this stunning Gothic mansion in 1490, and it was completed in 1563. The current owner, Henry Lytton, is the 19th generation descendant of Robert and still lives in the home with his American wife and family. The home is open for tours and special events.

To read the story that discusses the Plymouth 400 portion of the Faith Travel Association Product Development trip in Massachusetts, click here.

Top photo: Plymouth

Photo by CC Flickr/Nigel Brown: bit.ly/2THZ2bm